Point 4

The Firth of Forth is a major estuary in eastern Scotland, where the River Forth meets the North Sea. Spanning approximately 31 miles from its western limit near Stirling to its wide eastern mouth, it is flanked by the city of Edinburgh to the south and the Kingdom of Fife to the north. The firth widens significantly as it approaches the sea, creating a broad expanse of water. It contains several islands, including Inchcolm, Inchkeith, and the Isle of May, each with historical and ecological significance. Three iconic bridges span the firth: the Forth Bridge (a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its cantilever design), the Forth Road Bridge, and the Queensferry Crossing. Historically, the Firth of Forth has been crucial for trade and defence. Its shores are dotted with castles, abbeys, and military fortifications. The estuary supports various economic activities, including shipping, fishing, and tourism. The nearby North Sea oil industry also contributes significantly to the local economy. The firth's rich ecosystems support diverse wildlife, including seabirds, seals, and fish. It is a designated Special Protection Area for birds. The Firth of Forth is popular for boating, sailing, and scenic walks along its coastline.